Method and apparatus for cancellation of interference from a spread spectrum phase lock loop

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for provided for reducing interference caused by leakage of signals generated by a spread spectrum phase lock loop (SS PLL). Output of SS PLL may be processed to reduce interference. For example, a sinusoidal spreading signal may be used to spread the output of the SS PLL. A notch filter tracks the frequency of the output of the SS PLL to steer the notch in the filter to the instantaneous frequency output from the SS PLL, thus allowing the notch filter to be placed in the path of signals that have unwanted leakage from the SS PLL.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 61/982,827, filed Apr. 22, 2014 and entitled“Method and Apparatus for Spreading Energy of a Phase Lock Loop”, whichis herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosed method and apparatus relate to phase lock loops and moreparticular to a method and apparatus for cancelling interference causedby leakage from a spread spectrum phase lock loop.

BACKGROUND

Phase lock loops are commonly used in many devices today. Phase lockloops generate a signal having a desired frequency. Accordingly,receivers require phase lock loops to generate signals on whichinformation is modulated. Furthermore, circuits that have timingrequirements require clocks that are generated by phase lock loops.

One problem that arises when phase lock loops are used is that spurioussignals are generated by the phase lock loop and coupled to other nearbycircuits. Such spurious signals interfere with the operation of theother circuits. One example of a system in which spurious signals areinduced in circuits that lie relatively close to a phase lock loop is atransceiver having a compactly integrated circuit. In such cases, it iscommon for phase lock loops to generate energy that is induced into thetransmit and receive path of the transceiver. In particular, the receivepath of a transceiver is vulnerable to interference from energy thatleaks from phase lock loops to the receive path.

One way to deal with the interference from phase lock loops is to spreadthe energy generated in the output of the phase lock loop over arelatively wide frequency spectrum. By spreading the energy across abroadband frequency spectrum, the amount of energy that is present atnarrower frequency bands, such as the frequency at which the transceiverreceives signals transmitted by other transceivers, is reduced. In orderto evenly distribute the frequency of the phase lock loop over a broadspectrum of frequencies, a sawtooth or triangular spreading signal isused as a spreading signal. That is, a signal that ramps at a constantrate can be used to spread the signal output from the phase lock loopevenly over a relatively broad frequency spectrum.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a spread spectrum phase lock loop 100. Afrequency source 102 provides a reference for the operation of the phaselock loop 100. The frequency source 102 is typically a crystaloscillator or other such stable frequency source. The frequency source102 is coupled to a phase detector 104. The phase detector 104 has anoutput that represents the difference in phase between the output of adivider 106 and the frequency source 102. The output of the phasedetector 104 is a control voltage that is coupled to a low pass filter108. The low pass filter 108 is designed to provide the phase lock loopwith a sufficiently fast response time that the loop can converge, butnot so fast that the loop will overshoot and go into oscillation. Theoutput of the low pass filter 308 is coupled to a voltage controlledoscillator (VCO) 110. The output of the low pass filter 108 attempts tosteer the output frequency of the VCO 110 to a frequency that will causethe error signal from the phase detector 104 to be zero. Accordingly,the VCO 110 outputs a frequency that is N times the frequency source,where N is the value by which the divider 106 divides the output of theVCO 110 before providing a signal to the phase detector 104. The outputof the VCO 100 is coupled to the output port of the phase lock loop 100.In addition, the output of the divider is fed back to the phase detector104 to allow the phase detector 104 to produce the control voltage tothe VCO 110.

In a spread spectrum phase lock loop such as that shown in FIG. 1, thedivider 106 is programmable with a variable value that is input from atriangle wave generator 112. The triangle wave generator 112 loads thedivider with a value N that increases in even steps up from a minimumvalue to a maximum value and then back down again in equal steps.Accordingly, the output of the phase lock loop 100 will start at afrequency that is N times the frequency of the source 102 and increasesin frequency with increases in the value of N until it hits the maximumfrequency. The frequency output from the phase lock loop 100 thendecreases from the maximum to the minimum in equal frequency steps. Bymaking the steps equal the frequency moves smoothly across the frequencyspectrum spreading the energy equally over the frequency spectrum.

In some systems that are particularly sensitive to the need to reducethe interference from internal phase lock loops, simply spreading theenergy generated by the phase lock loop is not sufficient to mitigatethe interference caused by the phase lock loop. In these cases, it isdesirable to also provide a filter that can further reduce the power ofthe interfering spurious signals generated as a byproduct of the phaselock loop. Since the frequency generated by the phase lock loop isspread over a relatively broad frequency spectrum, it is not possible tosimply put the interference laden received signal through a filter. Sucha filter would impede the passage of the desired received signals aswell as the interfering signals generated by the phase lock loop.

Therefore, there is a need for a method and apparatus that can generatefrequencies in a way that will not interfere with the operation ofcircuits near the phase lock loop.

SUMMARY

Various embodiments of the disclosed method and apparatus for reducinginterference generated by leakage of a nearby phase lock loop arepresented. In one embodiment, a signal is generated that allows atunable notch filter to track the output of the phase lock loop creatingthe interference. Some of these embodiments are directed toward systemsand methods for spreading the output of a phase lock loop with asinusoidal spreading signal. The use of a sinusoidal spreading signalallows the output frequency of the phase lock loop to be easily tracked,despite the characteristics of a low pass filter within a phase lockloop. Because the frequency of the signal at the output of the phaselock loop can be easily tracked, a tunable notch filter can be used toreduce interference in sensitive circuits, such as the receive chainwithin a transceiver. The tunable notch filter is provided with thefrequency of the sinusoidal signal used to spread the output of thephase lock loop. The tunable notch filter can then track the outputfrequency of the phase lock loop, reducing the interference generated bythe signals output from the phase lock loop.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The disclosed method and apparatus, in accordance with one or morevarious embodiments, is described with reference to the followingfigures. The drawings are provided for purposes of illustration only andmerely depict examples of some embodiments of the disclosed method andapparatus. These drawings are provided to facilitate the reader'sunderstanding of the disclosed method and apparatus. They should not beconsidered to limit the breadth, scope, or applicability of the claimedinvention. It should be noted that for clarity and ease of illustrationthese drawings are not necessarily made to scale.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a phase lock loop.

FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of a transceiver in accordance withone embodiment of the disclosed method and apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a simplified block diagram of a phase lock loop in accordancewith one embodiment of the disclosed method and apparatus.

FIG. 4 illustrates the use of a tunable notch filter that is tuned toremove spurious signals generated by the phase lock loop and coupledonto another circuit, such as the receive chain of a transceiver.

The figures are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the claimedinvention to the precise form disclosed. It should be understood thatthe disclosed method and apparatus can be practiced with modificationand alteration, and that the invention should be limited only by theclaims and the equivalents thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of a transceiver 200 in accordancewith one embodiment of the disclosed method and apparatus. In oneembodiment of the disclosed method and apparatus, the transceiver isused in a set top box. In one such embodiment, the set top box iscapable of communicating in accordance with the well-known Multi-mediaover Coax Alliance (MoCA) standard for broadband communications overcoaxial cable. The transceiver has a MoCA transmit chain that includes adigital core 202, a undesired signal mitigation digital signal processor(DSP) 206, a digital to analog converter (DAC) 207, a filter 209 and apower amplifier 211. A transmit/receive switch 213 allows selectionbetween the transmit chain and a MoCA front end section 215. Signals arereceived in a diplexer 217. The signals are coupled from the diplexer217 to a MoCA front end section 215 comprising an INA 221, filter 223and ADC 25. The output from the front end section 215 is coupled to aundesired signals mitigation digital signal processor (DSP) 206. Thediplexer 217 is also coupled to a satellite receive front end 219. TheDSP 206 reduces the interference of spurious signals that are coupled byleakage from internal phase lock loops onto the received signals. Theoutput from the DSP 206 is provided to a digital core 202 thatcommunicates with external devices over one or more protocols or networkinterfaces, such as High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI),Universal Serial Bus (USB), Ethernet, Double Data Rate (DDR), Flash,Reduced Gigabit Media Independent Interface (RGMII), etc. Those skilledin the art will understand that the digital core is essentially aconventional component of a transceiver.

A spread spectrum phase lock loop (SS PLL) 210 generates a spreadspectrum signal 212. In one embodiment of the disclosed method andapparatus, the spread spectrum signal 212 is used for several purposesthroughout the transceiver 200. In one embodiment, the signal 212 iscoupled to circuits within the digital core 202. Use of such SS PLLs arewell known. When such SS PLLs 210 are used in a compactly integratedcircuit, the spread spectrum PLL's tone can easily leak into other partsof the system, such as circuits in the receive path. Such leakage caninterfere with these other circuits. The SS PLL 210 provides frequencyspreading information on a frequency spreading signal 214 to the DSP206. Accordingly, the DSP 206 can use the information regarding thefrequency spreading to tune a notch filter 402 see FIG. 4) to track, andthus reject, the tone leaked from the SS PLL 210.

FIG. 3 is a simplified block diagram of a phase lock loop 210 inaccordance with embodiment of the disclosed method and apparatus. Thephase lock loop 210 operates similarly to the phase lock loop 100described above. However, a sinusoidal wave generator 312 provides thewaveform that is used to spread the frequency of the phase lock loop 210across the frequency spectrum. The output of the sinusoidal wavegenerator 312 is coupled to a program input to a programmable divider306. Accordingly, the signal applied to the signal input of the divider306 from the output of a VCO 310 will be divided by an amount thatvaries in response to the sinusoidal wave input to the divider 306 bythe generator 312. By spreading the output of the phase lock loop usinga sinusoidal wave generator 312, the frequency variations of the phaselock loop 210 can be tracked. That is, the effect of the low pass filter308 on the sinusoid that is generated by a phase detector 304 will bepredictable, since the low pass filter 308 has a relatively predictableresponse to a sinusoid. The output of the VCO 310 is:

e^(j2πf(t))  Equation 1:

The ideal spreading function uniformly distributes the frequency overthe frequency band of interest:

f(t)=[(t mod W)−W/2]+f _(c);  Equation 2:

where f_(c) is the center frequency of the spreading bandwidth.

The precise impulse response of the low pass filter 308 h(t) to thesignal f(t) of Equation 1 is difficult to estimate. The actual outputfrequency of the VCO 310 after spreading with the spreading functionf(t) is:

e^(j2πh(t)*f(t));  Equation 3:

where * is the convolution operation.

Small ripples or group delay in the filter response can create anundesirable discrepancy between f(t) and h(t)*f(t). By spreading theoutput of the phase lock loop 210 with a sinusoidal function, the outputof the phase lock loop 210 is more predictable. For example, if:

f(t)=A cos(w×t)+f _(c);  Equation 4:

then h(t)*f(t) can be modeled as:

h(t)*f(t)=A′ Cos(w×t+Θ)+f _(c)  Equation 5:

Therefore, an estimate of the amplitude and phase can be made to allow atunable notch filter to track the signal output from the phase lock loop210 and thus attenuate any energy coupled from the phase lock loop 210to other circuits.

In one embodiment of the disclosed method and apparatus, the SS PLL 210is implemented by the DSP 206. However, in an alternative embodiment,the SS PLL 210 is implemented in discrete functional components withinthe transceiver 200. It will be clear to those skilled in the art thatany combination of the DSP 206, a second DSP and hardware used toimplement the components of the SS PPL are possible and within the scopeof the disclosed method and apparatus.

FIG. 4 illustrates the use of a tunable notch filter 402 that is tunedto remove spurious signals generated by the phase lock loop 210 andcoupled onto another circuit, such as the receive chain of a transceiver200. In one embodiment of the disclosed method and apparatus, thetunable notch filter 402 is implemented within the DSP 206. As notedabove with respect to the SS PPL 210, the notch filter 402 can beimplemented alternatively using a second DSP (not shown), or discretehardware (not shown) within the transceiver 200.

The phase lock loop 210 provides frequency information 404 to a controlinput of the tunable notch filter 402. The frequency informationprovides the tunable notch filter 402 with the frequency of thesinusoidal wave that is used to spread the output of the phase lock loop210. The frequency information is used to steer the frequency of thenotch to the frequency of the signal output by the phase lock loop 210.Since the sinusoidal wave used to spread the frequency output of thephase lock loop is relatively undistorted by the low pass filter 308(See FIG. 3) of the phase lock loop 210, the tunable notch filter 402can accurately track the frequency output from the phase lock loop 210based on the frequency information 404. Accordingly, the notch in thefilter will track the frequency of the spurious signal to be removed.The fact that the notch filter 402 tracks the signal to be cancelledmeans that the notch filter 402 can be made narrow. This reduces theamount of desirable in-band energy that is attenuated by the notchfilter 402, while at the same time maximizing the amount of interferingenergy that is attenuated.

The phase of the signal output from the phase lock loop 210 must besynchronized with the tuning of the notch filter 402. This isaccomplished by observing the output of the filter to detect when thespurious signal to be cancelled is at the same frequency as the notch inthe notch filter 402. Once the notch in the notch filter 402 and thespurious signal are at the same frequency, the notch filter 402 willtrack at the frequency indicated by the information signal from thephase lock loop 210. In accordance with one embodiment, the DSP 206 cananalyze the output from the notch filter 402 to detect whether thespurious signal generated from leakage of the SS PLL 210 is present. Ifpresent, the synchronization of the notch filter 402 can be adjusted byan incremental amount. This process can be repeated iteratively untilthe proper alignment between the notch filter 402 and the SS PLL 210 isachieved as determined by a reduction in the amount of interference atthe SS PLL frequency.

By using a sinusoidal spreading signal to spread the SS PLL 210, thenotch filter 402 can accurately track the output of the SS PLL 210 andthus cancel any leakage that is coupled from the SS PLL 210 to othercircuits, in accordance with the disclosed method and apparatus, suchaccurate tracking only requires the frequency used by the SS PLL 210 tospread the signal be provided to the notch filter 402. In one embodimentof the disclosed method and apparatus, a clock 406 is used to controlthe tracking of the notch filter 402. The output of the clock 406 issynchronized with the same source as the clock used by the sinusoidalwave generator 312 to generate the spreading signal used to spread theSS PLL output. Therefore, the clock 406 used to control the tracking ofthe notch filter 402 will be phase coherent with the sinusoidalspreading signal used to spread the SS PLL output. Nonetheless, someadjustment to align the filter notch with the interfering signal may benecessary. In one embodiment, the sinusoidal signal output from thesinusoidal wave generator 312 is a series of digital values that eachrepresent the amplitude of a sinusoidal waveform.

Although the disclosed method and apparatus is described above in termsof various examples of embodiments and implementations, it should beunderstood that the particular features, aspects and functionalitydescribed in one or more of the individual embodiments are not limitedin their applicability to the particular embodiment with which they aredescribed. Thus, the breadth and scope of the claimed invention shouldnot be limited by any of the examples provided in describing the abovedisclosed embodiments.

Terms and phrases used in this document, and variations thereof, unlessotherwise expressly stated, should be construed as open ended as opposedto limiting. As examples of the foregoing: the term “including” shouldbe read as meaning “including, without limitation” or the like; the term“example” is used to provide examples of instances of the item indiscussion, not an exhaustive or limiting list thereof; the terms “a” or“an” should be read as meaning “at least one,” “one or more” or thelike; and adjectives such as “conventional,” “traditional,” “normal,”“standard,” “known” and terms of similar meaning should not be construedas limiting the item described to a given time period or to an itemavailable as of a given time, but instead should be read to encompassconventional, traditional, normal, or standard technologies that may beavailable or known now or at any time in the future. Likewise, wherethis document refers to technologies that would be apparent or known toone of ordinary skill in the art, such technologies encompass thoseapparent or known to the skilled artisan now or at any time in thefuture.

A group of items linked with the conjunction “and” should not be read asrequiring that each and every one of those items be present in thegrouping, but rather should be read as “and/or” unless expressly statedotherwise. Similarly, a group of items linked with the conjunction “or”should not be read as requiring mutual exclusivity among that group, butrather should also be read as “and/or” unless expressly statedotherwise. Furthermore, although items, elements or components of thedisclosed method and apparatus may be described or claimed in thesingular, the plural is contemplated to be within the scope thereofunless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated.

The presence of broadening words and phrases such as “one or more,” “atleast,” “but not limited to” or other like phrases in some instancesshall not be read to mean that the narrower case is intended or requiredin instances where such broadening phrases may be absent. The use of theterm “module” does not imply that the components or functionalitydescribed or claimed as part of the module are all configured in acommon package. Indeed, any or all of the various components of amodule, whether control logic or other components, can be combined in asingle package or separately maintained and can further be distributedin multiple groupings or packages or across multiple locations.

Additionally, the various embodiments set forth herein are describedwith the aid of block diagrams, flow charts and other illustrations. Aswill become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art after readingthis document, the illustrated embodiments and their variousalternatives can be implemented without confinement to the illustratedexamples. For example, block diagrams and their accompanying descriptionshould not be construed as mandating a particular architecture orconfiguration.

1-11. (canceled)
 12. A system comprising: a signal mitigation module;and a spread spectrum phase lock loop comprising: a voltage controlledoscillator (VCO); an adjuster operable to apply an adjustment to outputof the VCO; a frequency source; a controller operable to generatecontrol voltage for the VCO based on output of the frequency source andoutput of the adjuster; and a sinusoidal wave generator operable togenerate at least a first output and a second output, wherein the firstoutput is applied to at least one other component of the spread spectrumphase lock loop and the second output is applied to the signalmitigation module; wherein: the signal mitigation module is operable toprocess output of the spread spectrum phase lock loop, based on outputof the sinusoidal wave generator, to reduce interference.
 13. The systemof claim 12, wherein the signal mitigation module comprises a tunablenotch filter.
 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the signal mitigationmodule is implemented digitally within a digital signal processor (DSP).15. The system of claim 12, wherein the adjuster comprises a dividerthat is operable to divide value of the output of the VCO by aparticular value.
 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the divider isoperable to divide value of the output of the VCO by a value that variesas a sinusoid
 17. The system of claim 12, wherein at least one output ofthe sinusoidal wave generator is synchronized to the frequency source.18. The system of claim 17, wherein the at least one output of thesinusoidal wave generator comprises the first output applied to the atleast one other component of the spread spectrum phase lock loop. 19.The system of claim 12, wherein the signal mitigation module is drivenby a clock synchronized to the frequency source, the clock being used tocontrol the tracking of the tunable notch filter and being controlled bythe output of the sinusoidal wave generator.
 20. The system of claim 12,wherein at least one output from the sinusoidal wave generator is aseries of digital values that each represent the amplitude of asinusoidal waveform.
 21. The system of claim 12, wherein the secondoutput of the sinusoidal wave generator provides information indicatingfrequency of signal corresponding to the first output of the sinusoidalwave generator.
 22. The system of claim 20, wherein the informationindicating the frequency of the sinusoidal wave is used to tune afrequency applicable to the signal mitigation module.
 23. The system ofclaim 12, wherein the spread spectrum phase lock loop is operable tosynchronize phase of its output signal with at least function appliedvia the signal mitigation module.
 24. A method comprising: generatingspread spectrum signal via a spread spectrum phase lock loop, thegenerating comprising: controlling voltage of a voltage controlledoscillator (VCO) that generates an output corresponding to said spreadspectrum signal, wherein the controlling is based on output of afrequency source and output corresponding to applying adjustment tooutput of the VCO; processing the spread spectrum signal to reduceinterference caused by the spread spectrum phase lock loop; andgenerating via a sinusoidal wave generator at least a first output and asecond output, wherein the first output is applied during generating thespread spectrum signal via the spread spectrum phase lock loop, and thesecond output is applied during the processing of the spread spectrumsignal.
 25. The method of claim 24, wherein applying adjustment to theoutput of the VCO comprises dividing value of the output.
 26. The methodof claim 25, comprising dividing value of the output of the VCO by avalue that varies as a sinusoid.
 27. The method of claim 24, comprisingsynchronizing at least one output of the sinusoidal wave generator tothe frequency source.
 28. The method of claim 24, comprising controllingthe processing of the spread spectrum signal based on a clocksynchronized to the frequency source.
 29. The method of claim 24,comprising tuning a frequency applicable to the processing of the spreadspectrum signal based on information indicating frequency of signalcorresponding to the first output of the sinusoidal wave generator. 30.The method of claim 24, comprising synchronizing phase of the spreadspectrum signal to at least function applied during processing of thespread spectrum signal.
 31. The method of claim 30, comprising achievingthe phase synchronization, when the signal mitigation module comprises atunable notch filter, by aligning a spurious signal to be cancelled withfrequency of a notch in a tunable notch filter utilized in theprocessing of the spread spectrum signal.